Pop metal

Pop metal is an umbrella term for commercial heavy metal and hard rock styles which feature prominent pop music elements such as catchy hooks and anthemic choruses. It became popular in the 1980s among acts such as Mötley Crüe, Ratt, Twisted Sister, Def Leppard, Bon Jovi, and Europe.

Characteristics
Pop metal is a variation of heavy metal which emphasizes catchy pop-influenced hooks and guitar riffs. It was influenced by the anthemic choruses of arena rock. While pop metal recordings were often loud, they also featured "slick," radio-friendly production sheen. Bands from the Los Angeles metal scene also borrowed visual elements from 1970s glam rock, leading to the hair metal variation of the late 1980s.

The alternate term "metal pop" was coined by critic Philip Bashe in 1983 to describe bands such as Van Halen and Def Leppard. In the "definitive metal family tree" of his documentary Metal: A Headbanger's Journey, anthropologist Sam Dunn differentiates pop metal, which includes bands like Def Leppard, Europe, and Whitesnake, from glam metal bands that include Mötley Crüe and Poison.

History
The catchy hard rock of Kiss and Van Halen in the 1970s helped spawn the genre, along with acts such as Thin Lizzy and AC/DC. Van Halen's 1978 debut album marked a turning point in the style, making that sound "flashier, more creative, and more energetic than ever before." The first wave of pop metal, which was not as pop-oriented as later developments, included bands such as Mötley Crüe, Quiet Riot, Dokken, Ratt, and Twisted Sister.

More melodic acts such as Def Leppard and Bon Jovi saw further success in the 1980s with albums like Pyromania (1983) and Slippery When Wet (1986), while the hair metal variation became dominant. The genre's popularity was at its peak between 1982 and 1991. The arrival of grunge in 1991 largely turned audiences away from pop metal.

In the late 2000s and 2010s, pop aspects in metal have returned to prominence in an attempt to revive pop metal, as evident in albums by Canadian metal musician Devin Townsend, American metal band In This Moment, Swedish metalcore bands such as Amaranthe, Dead by April, and Sonic Syndicate.